When is it appropriate to use a BVM (Bag-Valve-Mask)?

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) is appropriate in cases of respiratory failure or when a patient has a significantly reduced level of consciousness. The BVM is designed to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are unable to breathe adequately on their own. In situations where respiratory failure is present, the patient's ability to maintain oxygenation and adequate ventilation may be compromised.

This can occur for various reasons, such as neurological impairments, trauma, or significant medical conditions leading to reduced respiratory drive or ineffective breathing patterns. When a patient exhibits a significantly reduced level of consciousness, their airway reflexes may also be diminished, increasing the risk of airway obstruction and necessitating the use of a BVM to ensure that they receive sufficient ventilation.

In contrast, while BVM may be supportive in other scenarios, such as in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe allergic reactions, these conditions do not inherently require intervention with a BVM unless the patient is specifically experiencing respiratory failure. Additionally, in mild anxiety attacks, patients typically maintain their ability to breathe adequately on their own and do not require assistance with ventilation.